Which layer of the operating system structure handles the actual user applications?

The application layer is responsible for managing and executing user applications within the operating system structure. This layer interacts directly with the user and provides the necessary interfaces for software applications to function. It focuses on providing services, processes, and resources such as memory and CPU time that applications need to operate effectively.

The application layer encompasses various types of programs, including web browsers, word processors, and games, enabling end-users to perform tasks and access functionalities provided by these user applications. It includes software applications and environments within which they run, facilitating a user-friendly experience.

In contrast, the kernel layer manages system resources and is responsible for core functions such as process management, memory management, and hardware interaction but does not directly engage with user applications. The hardware layer consists of the physical components of the computer system, and the system services layer provides essential services for the effective execution of applications but does not directly run user applications themselves. Thus, the application layer is correctly identified as the layer that handles actual user applications.