What role do directories play in access control?

Directories play an essential role in access control, primarily by managing and controlling permissions for files and other resources contained within them. This functionality is crucial for maintaining the security and integrity of data on a system.

When directories are used for access control, they establish a hierarchy where different permissions can be assigned not just to individual files, but also to the directories themselves. By setting access rights on a directory level, system administrators can determine who is allowed to view, modify, or execute files within that directory. This means that the control provided by directories extends to all the files they contain, thereby allowing a structured and centralized method for enforcing security policies.

In contrast, other options fail to capture the primary function of directories concerning access control. For example, stating that directories are merely storage containers overlooks their critical role in setting permissions and enforcing security. Similarly, claiming that directories cannot restrict user access ignores the very mechanisms inherent in directory structures for managing permissions. Lastly, while some directories may serve as organizational structures for launching applications, this does not relate directly to their function in access control, thus relegating that choice to a more specific and less relevant role.