What is the definition of Multiprogramming?

Multiprogramming refers to a computing technique in which multiple applications are executed simultaneously on a single CPU system. The main goal of multiprogramming is to maximize CPU utilization by allowing the operating system to manage and switch between these applications efficiently. By delineating processing time among various programs, multiprogramming can make effective use of system resources, reducing idle CPU time.

In a multiprogramming environment, the operating system loads multiple programs into memory and uses scheduling algorithms to determine which program runs at a given time. This way, while one program is waiting for an input/output operation, the CPU can switch to another program, which helps maintain throughput and responsiveness.

This definition fundamentally distinguishes multiprogramming from situations involving hardware capabilities, such as having multiple CPUs, or human multitasking, neither of which represent the concept of running multiple programs concurrently in a software environment.