What is Multiprogramming?

Multiprogramming refers specifically to a computing environment where multiple applications or programs are loaded into memory and executed simultaneously by a single processor. This technique optimizes CPU utilization by keeping several processes in memory at the same time, allowing the CPU to switch between processes quickly, thus improving system efficiency and responsiveness. The operating system manages the scheduling of these processes, ensuring that each gets a share of CPU time while allowing the system to appear to perform multiple tasks at once.

The other options do not capture the technical and operational definition of multiprogramming. For instance, while having multiple CPUs or cores does increase processing capabilities, it falls under the category of multiprocessing, which is distinct from multiprogramming. Similarly, options referring to human actions do not pertain to the technical terminology used in operating systems, as multiprogramming specifically relates to the handling of multiple programs by the operating system. Thus, defining multiprogramming as a system running multiple applications simultaneously accurately reflects its essence in operating system contexts.