What does malware refer to in cybersecurity?

Malware, in the context of cybersecurity, specifically refers to software that is designed with malicious intent to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of systems, networks, or data. This includes various types of malicious software such as viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware, among others. The key characteristic of malware is its purpose: it is engineered to deceive users, steal sensitive information, disrupt services, or damage systems.

The other choices do not align with the definition of malware. For example, the first option refers generically to all types of software, which includes benign applications that serve useful purposes. The second option focuses on software designed for educational purposes, which is not malicious in nature. The last choice mentions legitimate software applications, which are explicitly developed and used for approved and constructive functions, unlike malware that is intended to be harmful. Thus, identifying malware as software intended to harm or exploit is crucial for understanding threats in the cybersecurity landscape.