How is malware generally categorized?

Malware is categorized as malicious software, which specifically refers to any software designed to intentionally harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of computer systems and networks. This broad classification encompasses a variety of harmful software types, including viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware, adware, and more.

The use of the term "malware" serves to illustrate that it is inherently designed to disrupt normal operations and inflict damage, rather than functioning in a useful or benign manner. Unlike harmless or benign software, malware operates with malicious intent, aiming to steal information, damage systems, or perform other illicit actions. This critical distinction underlines the importance of understanding how malware functions and affects users and organizations, which is fundamental in cybersecurity practices.